GENERAL CORRUPTION RISK APPROACHES APPLICABLE TO THE HEALTH SECTOR OVERVIEW OF ACTORS
Basis for anti-corruption measures: risk catalogue and stakeholder analysis
The result of the CRA is a risk catalogue that rates all the identified risks based on the likelihood of their materialization and their potential impact.
The next chart shows an example of a non- Health catalogue (UNDP 2012), indicating the ratings as follows: A=acute, H= high, M=medium, L=low
| Likelihood | Consequences | ||||
| Risk | Frequency | Vulnerability | Economic | Reputation | Culture |
| False invoices on small amounts are produced and approved without controls. | H | A | M | M | H |
| Procurement staff accept bribes in relation to procurement and tenders. | M | M | H | H | H |
| Drivers use vehicles for own profit (transport of goods or people). | H | A | L | M | M |
| Less or substandard goods are received. Difference is skimmed off in collusion with suppliers. Kickbacks are received in return for award of contracts. | M | H | M | M | M |
| Companies owned by field and HQ staff members used for invoicing for goods or works. | H | H | M | L | M |
| Companies owned by field and HQ staff members used for bidding on tenders. | H | H | M | L | M |
| Theft of goods from warehouses | M | A | L | M | M |
This result is the basis for designing adequate anti-corruption measures. Additionally, it is helpful to conduct a stakeholder analysis in order to identify potential supporters and opponents of measures to be implemented.
See Lesson 7 for more information