Design and implementation of mitigation plans (anti-corruption tools and measures)
Health sector application of other available tools
Anti-corruption tools must always be adapted to the context of the problem they are meant to address. Therefore, any anti-corruption tool or practice can be considered for application in the health sector, as long as it is adapted, and extensive online literature shows how tools are adapted in this way.
To learn more, please refer to the resources referenced below. More links are available in “Additional Resources,” particularly the TI website and its toolbox of extensive resources.
Table 4.1 Policies and practices addressing corruption in healthcare
| Polices and Practices | ||
| No | Type | Category |
| 4.2.1 | Anti-corruption legislation | General |
| 4.2.2 | Anti-corruption institutions | General |
| 4.2.3 | Anti-corruption-in-health-strategy | General |
| 4.3.1 | Fraud in healthcare control I - DGEC | General |
| 4.3.2 | Fraud in healthcare control II - CNAMTS | General |
| 4.3.3 | Fraud in healthcare control III - NHS | General |
| 4.3.4 | Collaboration between competent authorities and the public - IGAS | General |
| 4.4.1 | Increase in salaries of healthcare providers I | Medical service delivery |
| 4.4.2 | Increase in salaries of healthcare providers II | Medical service delivery |
| 4.4.4 | Formalise informal payments | Medical service delivery |
| 4.4.5 | Introduce transparent waiting lists | Medical service delivery |
| 4.4.6 | Increase penalties for bribery | Medical service delivery |
| 4.4.7 | Doctor´s initiative against bribery | Medical service delivery |
| 4.5.1 | Break the cycle of systemised corruption | Procurement corruption |
| 4.5.2 | Include the healthcare sector in general procurement regulations | Procurement corruption |
| 4.5.3 | Centralise the maximum price of pharmaceuticals | Procurement corruption |
| 4.6.1 | Prescribe main active substances | Improper marketing relations |
| 4.6.2 | Code of Conduct for medical devices | Improper marketing relations |
| 4.6.3 | Self-regulation of the pharmaceutical industry | Improper marketing relations |
| 4.6.4 | Sunshine Act à la Européenne | Improper marketing relations |
| 4.6.5 | Conditioned self-regulation in the pharmaceutical sector | Improper marketing relations |
| 4.7.1 | Awareness campaign and reporting line | Critical patient involvement |
| 4.7.2 | Investigative Journalism database | Critical patient involvement |
| 4.7.3 | Civil society reporting website | Critical patient involvement |
| 4.7.4 | Transparent waiting lists | Critical patient involvement |
Table. Policies and practices addressing corruption in healthcare.
Source: EC 2013: 98.