Public ethics, conflicts of interest and gifts
Gifts are related to ethics and CoI. Gifts between private and public entities or between citizens and public service providers may differ in their relevance and significance, according to the administrative and cultural setting. In many cases, though, gifts are seen as corrupt and it is assumed that they lead to corruption. Acceptance and management of gifts and other benefits is usually strictly regulated by relevant legislation and codes of ethics. Codes stipulate when and whether it is appropriate to accept a gift or benefit, or whether it is completely forbidden.
A number of checklists, which can determine whether a “gift” is genuine and may be accepted, usually involve looking at the genuineness of gift, whether it was given openly and transparently and whether it affects the recipient’s independence. Gifts accepted by public officials (particularly when received in official quality) should be registered with a responsible agency. Awareness-raising events and trainings can promote understanding of the rules around gifts.
